Nncondensing steam turbine pdf

Marine steam turbines as a m ain engine can be classified in two groups. Using the steam property calculator, properties are determined using inlet pressure and the selected second parameter temperature, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, or quality. Steam turbines are widely used for combined heat and power chp applications in the united states. Types of steam turbine an overview sciencedirect topics. Steam process in steam turbine steam entrance to turbine through governor valv e to control steam capacity and therefore to control turbine speed. Siemens steam turbines are an essential piece of turbo machinery to many power plants worldwide. Decreasing the turbine exhaust pressure significantly increases the specific volume of exhausted steam, which requires huge blades in last rows of lowpressure stage of the steam turbine. The constructional characteristics of these turbines are very similar to condensing turbines from the second admission valve chest it is possible to inject low pressure steam, available in the plant to supply the power required by the plant. May 05, 2017 all steam turbines can be classified into two categories. This provides a follow up of basic engineering cycles with applications to conventional power plants.

Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Next hp and ip stop valves can be opened, with control valves closed. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. In a condensing steam turbine, the maximum amount of energy is extracted from the steam, because there is very high enthalpy difference between the initial e. To date, ge has built over 40 steam turbines used in f technology, gas turbine, combined cycle applications, totaling over 6000 mw in steam turbinegenerator. In noncondensing turbines, steam leaves the turbine at. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. The noncondensing steam turbine uses highpressure steam for the rotation of blades. The turbine steam flow would increase, causing unloading to recur again.

See more ideas about steam turbine, abandoned factory and industrial photography. Noncondensing or back pressure turbines are most widely used for process steam applications. In the efficient use of energy second edition, 1982. Condensing turbine article about condensing turbine by the. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. The blade shaft is directly connected to an electrical generator where it starts producing electrical power. Extraction condensing steam turbine the extraction turbine. Control of this turbine is somewhat difficult when compare with condensing turbine. Steam turbine portfolio overview digital asset management. For the same operating load, this type of turbine required less quantity of steam. Using the outlet specific enthalpy, calculate the isentropic efficiency.

A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. The exhaust pressure is controlled by a regulating valve to suit the needs of the process steam pressure. Other articles where noncondensing turbine is discussed. Lathrop trotter is the source for gas and steam turbines, turbine generator sets, and combined heat and power solutions. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to driving electrical generators about 90% of all electricity generation in the united states 1996 is by use of steam turbines 1 wiser. In the turbine governor the target rotational speed 3000 rpm is set as well as runup rate. In this system the steam turbine cycle is fed with the steam produced in the waste heat boiler supplied with the exhaust gas from the gas turbines. The activities carried out before passing steam to the turbine is called pre commissioning. The specific enthalpy is then multiplied by the mass flow to get the energy flow. It includes heat exchange and energy conversion equipment.

The power output from the cycle is relative to the drop in steam pressure through the turbine. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. High pressure, noncondensing turbine introduction the steam turbine, like any other high grade machine, requires, for sustained efficiency and continuity of operation, a reasonable minimum of care and attention on the part of the opera tor. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. The steam turbine generator is used today to produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the united states. The activities carried out to ensure turbine performance is as per design is known as commissioning. Back pressure steam turbine is also called as non condensing steam turbine is mostly used in process steam industries or cogeneration plants.

A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and transforms it into mechanical work. Jun 24, 2015 in the second part of this series, the author talked about the story of the first little toy turbine. Condensing steam turbines are most commonly found in thermal power plants. Bloch, 2 books moyer, james ambrose, 2 books john morrow, 2 books oskar lasche, 2 books aurel stodola, 2 books parsons, charles sir, 2 books auguste rateau, 2 books walter s. Noncondensing steam turbine archives turbines info. In a practical situation the load frequently varies from the designed or economic. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance.

Leland, 2 books calvin franklin swingle, 2 books f. Steam for turbine is provided by pp330140p55 type steam generator, a oncethrough coalfired boiler 8. Kessels single stage steam turbines are economical and reliable mechanical drives for pumps, fans, knives, compressors and generators. Comparing combined gas tubrinesteam turbine and marine. High velocity steam hits the moving blades converting the kinetic energy into mechanical work. If different pressure of live steam is required if the turbine load is change. Categories steam turbines all steam turbines can be classified into two categories. Schematic diagram of 200 mw unit 8 construction of the steam generator is carried out in two distinct bodies, symmetrical with the axis of the group, operating in parallel to the k2001 steam turbine. Ultrareliable steam turbines for efficient mechanical drive or power generation applications from. There are two basic types of turbines according to the mode of steam. Steamturbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steamturbines publisher new york. Pdf efficiency assessment of condensing steam turbine.

Offdesign flow analysis of lowpressure steam turbines. The condensing turbines take high pressure steam, expand it in turbine nozzles and blades, and exhaust it to a condenser at lower than atmospheric pressure. Course 234 turbine and auxiliaries module seven approval issue pagel8 7. This pdf offers an advanced interactive experience. A steam turbine is driven with high pressure steam produced by a boiler or heat recovery steam generator hrsg. Most industrial installations are in the range 15 mw e. It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher powertoweight ratio.

High pressure, noncondensing turbine stopping periods, the rotor must be moved by means of the thrust bearing adjusting mechanism to the start and stop position which increases the clearance over these seals. In a backpressure steam turbine, energy from highpressure inlet steam is efficiently converted into electricity and lowpressure exhaust steam is provided to a plant process. These are manufactured for outputs from 50 kw e to 30 mw e. Turbines in ohio, kentucky and indiana lathrop trotter. Energy conservation in steam turbine steam turbine. Basics of gas turbine operation the simplest arrangement of the gas turbine consists of a compressor, combustor and turbine directly connected to the generator.

They are applied either as a generator drive or a mechanical. The extraction condensing turbines are used when a constant pressure steam flow has to be extracted for process purposes. State thedifference between latchedand unlatchedronbacks. Difference between condensing turbine and back pressure. The turbine exhaust steam has a lower temperature than the superheated steam created when pressure is reduced through a prv. We work to assess and address specific application needs so we can specify and develop a turbine system package that meets and exceeds goals. In devices of the first type, steam is condensed at below atmospheric pressure so as to gain the maximum amount of energy from it. In the second part of this series, the author talked about the story of the first little toy turbine. Steam turbine cycle high pressure steam flows into the turbine and past its blades. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and ben. The turbine is operational since 1968, therefore an efficiency assessment can highlight its present technical condition. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.

Man energy solutions tailormade steam turbines combine proven technology with a convincing operating reliability. The law states that a wire conductor that creates movement through a magnetic field will generate an electrical current. Can be used for noncondensing type turbines and the highpressure section of an extraction steam turbine plus it may be possible to use for the noncondensing lowpressure section of an extraction turbine. For the best viewing experience, please use acrobat reader x or higher.

The k 2001 steam turbine s rated thermal efficiency is 44. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Condensing turbine article about condensing turbine by. Comparing combined gas tubrinesteam turbine and marine low. One of the principal advantages of a condensing turbine as compared with any other engine is that a high power output 1,200 megawatts mw and higher can be produced by a single unit. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. What is difference bw condensing and non condensing steam. It is principally used when power must be generated with minimum steam consumption. Steam turbine gets heat energy in the form of superheated steam from steam generator. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to. Ger4201 structured steam turbines for the combined. Electromagnetic induction is based on faradays law of induction. Summary of the key concepts the load limiter restricts the maximum allowable turbine generator load.

Jul 15, 2011 categories steam turbines all steam turbines can be classified into two categories. This article focuses on marine steam turbines and their applications. This is achieved by passing the exhaust steam into a condenser called a. Control steam is admitted to the turbine through an inverted, hydraulically. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. The first is steam tu rbines with reduction gears or turbo alternatorg enerator and the second is steam turbine as a main.

Cfx aids design of worlds most efficient steam turbine pdf. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. What is the difference between fully condensing and back. Excellent text on steam turbine design but now dated as it covers only smaller units. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. Turbines a turbine is a rotary engine that exerts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. Basics of gas turbine operation the simplest arrangement of the gas turbine consists of a compressor, combustor and turbine directly connected to the generator as shown in figure. Following figures show steam process in steam turbine.

In a practical situation the load frequently varies from the designed or economic load and thus there always exists a considerable. Fundamentals of steam turbine systems principles of operation the motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate. Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. Extraction condensing turbines steam turbine steam.

A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. In a typical condensing steam turbine, the exhausted steam condenses in the condenser and it is at a pressure well below atmospheric absolute pressure of 0. Three basic types of steam turbine are used to generate power as a byproduct of process or exhaust steamml. We work to assess and address specific application needs so we can specify and develop a turbine system package that meets and exceeds goals and expectations, and offers flexibility for future needs. The condensing turbine may also have bleed points uncontrolled extractions to satisfy steam demands at medium intermediate. Energy conservation in steam turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. The power from extraction turbine is generated as an advantage of the generated steam, though our prime use of steam is for processes. Figure 4 shows steam process in enthalpy against entropy diagram of curtis and single row rateau turbine. Parsons main thrust for the steam turbine was for generating electrical power, but he also had his eyes on applying the steam turbine to drive ships of all kinds. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884.

In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories. Ger3945a steam turbines for ultrasupercritical power. The condensing turbine may also have bleed points uncontrolled extractions to satisfy steam demands at medium intermediate continue reading.